Hydroponics
Hydroponics is the technique of growing plants without soil where roots receive a balanced nutrient solution containing water and all the nutrients essential to plant growth. In hydroponics the roots can be suspended in a liquid medium (NFT) or supported on an inert substrate (e.g washed sand).
By growing in nutrient solution using a non-inert substrate (e.g humus), it is accepted to say that is a soilless culture, but it is not appropriate to refer to as hydroponics. When the solution is applied to the soil, has the ferti-irrigation. There is growing without soil or hydroponics. In general this solution is not complete, it has a complementary manner.
Therefore, in hydroponics the only source of nutrients for plants is the nutrient solution, because if there is substrate, it is inert. For soilless culture, just as the soil is not used. An example is the cultivation only in earthworm.
The word hydroponics comes from Greek radical hydro = water and = ponos work. Despite being a relatively old technique, only the term hydroponics was first used in 1935 by Dr. W. F. Gericke of the University of California.
Gericke has adopted the system of cultivation without soil to field conditions, so that became the first step to enable the cultivation on a commercial scale. When it says “Gericke is the father of hydroponics” does not mean he invented the soilless culture, but it is a tribute to the scientific advances achieved by him and to have first used the term hydroponics.
Gardening
Gardening is an activity – the art of creating and making the maintenance of plants in order to embellish certain local public or private. The fan of gardening, professional or not, it is designated as a gardener. There are many places where you can practice this art: from large spaces to small pieces of land, as a simple flower vase. Although practice is essentially ornamental gardening, there may also educational objectives (botanical gardens or zoos) and organization of the territory and urbanism, especially in large cities, where the gardens (parks) are of great importance to the quality of life of its inhabitants.
The gardening occupies interior is essentially the maintenance of household ornamental plants, used throughout the house, but may have a prominent place in so-called winter gardens.
In some cultures, such as Japanese gardening is considered an art of considerable importance.
It can also be considered an agricultural system, and is part of the world. Can be found in monsoon Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia, Japan), uses few techniques of production (labor abundant and cheap), growing in small and medium farms, mixed farming geared to the domestic market. Eg rice (rice growing) and vegetables.